October 18, 2003

Attitudes towards War B A Summary

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

10,000 - 500 B.C.

Early infanticidal

(Schizoid)

Yahweh: In the Old Testament, Yahweh requires the slaying of his enemies.

In the Western tradition, politics begins as war. Politics is war.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

500 B.C.- 0 A.D.

Late infanticidal

(Narcissistic)

Thucydides: War is in the nature of man. For the Greeks, war is a natural state and the basis of society.

Cicero: War is a continuation of justice. Roman law regards war as akin a lawsuit B a legal remedy of last recourse.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

0 A.D.

Early abandoning

(Masochistic)

Jesus: Thou shalt not kill.

0 - 400 A.D.

Abandoning

(Masochistic)

Early Christians: Martyrdom is better than war.

400 - 1100.

Abandoning

(Masochistic)

St. Augustine: Just-wars are inevitable.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

1100 - 1500

Ambivalent

(Borderline)

Pope Urban II: Just-wars are holy B that is, crusades.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

1500 - 1600

Intrusive

(Depressive)

N. Machiavelli: The goal of life is power and war is the means to achieve it.

Sir Thomas More: In the absence of higher common jurisdiction, war is an inescapable process for the settlement of differences.

Martin Luther: The state=s engagement in just-wars and its suppression of insurrections and disobedience, are necessary to maintain order.

D. Erasmus: Wars are repugnant. They induce rancor, intolerance and cultural decline.

Anabaptists (evolving into Mennonites): This sect becomes prominent in Europe. They are pacifists B opposed to all wars.

John Donne: Each man=s death diminishes me, because I am involved with mankind.

1600 - 1700

Intrusive

(Depressive)

Thomas Hobbes: War is a state of nature for which no cure exists.

Two beliefs take hold in the 17^th and 18^th centuries:

1. That wars are due to the excesses of leaders.

2. That wars are due to misunderstandings.

Religious Society of Friends (Quakers): This sect originates in England. They are pacifists B opposed to all wars.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

1700 - 1800

Socializing

(Neurotic)

J. J. Rousseau: The citizen must be prepared to fight or accept to be a slave.

C. de Montesquieu: War is an interruption of civilized life.

The Brethren: This sect originates in Germany. They are pacifists B opposed to all wars.

1800 - 1950

Socializing

(Neurotic)

S. Freud: War unleashes unsublimated aggressivity.

R. Benedict: War is a reaction to our non-recognition of the other as human.

G. Hegel: War is necessary for the health of the nation.

C. von Clausewitz: War is the continuation of politics by other means.

K. Marx & F. Engel: War is a weapon of historic transformation.

H. von Treitschke: War is a remedy for ailing nations.

C. Von der Goltz: War is God=s way of choosing among nations.

Bishop of London, 1914: War purifies.

John Ruskin: A man never stood so tall as when he stooped to help a child. Criminals are a society=s manufactured product.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

1950 - 2000

Helping

(Individuated)

K. Lorenz: War is an innate behavior.

B. Ehrenreich:

1. War is the expression of our phylogeny.

2. War may be a living thing, like a meme or a computer virus.

Reinhold Niebuhr: All historical achievements are tainted by an inescapable taint of sin. This is the paradox of grace.

George Kennan: War is a means to power.

Hans Morgenthau: To adduce the historical record is to confound reality (America=s transcendent purpose) with her abuse of reality (her failings).

J. P. Sartre: War enables man to re-create himself.

M. van Creveld: War is the medium in which men come to life.

H. Zinn: War is the result of social ignorance.

R. Fox: War is our reaction to the Other=s difference.

M. L. King: War is unnecessary to bring forth a new man and brotherhood for all.

Time Period

Child-rearing Mode

(Personality)

War not under

Human Control

AThe Fatalists@^(a)

War Glorified

AThe Realists@

War Rationalized

AThe Just-war Theorists@

War Proscribed

AThe Idealists@

2000-

Helping

(Individuated)

R. Kaplan: War is the expression of a human trait.

C. Hedges: War is an expression of the evil within us.

J. Stoessinger: War is a cure for itself.

Michael More: War is due to misinformation of the public by leaders.

Rachel Cory: An American woman, killed by Israeli soldiers using an American-made bulldozer, while she was standing in solidarity with the Palestinian people as a national community.

(a) Most academicians conflate my first two categories, AThe Fatalists,@ and AThe Realists.@ In their categorization, Thucydides is regarded as the father of the realist school of thought.